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Contributing USMA Research Unit(s)
Behavioral Sciences and Leadership
Publication Date
1998
Publisher
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
Document Type
Article
Description
The authors tested the shifting standards model (M. Biernat, M. Manis, & T. E. Nelson, 1991) as it applies to sex- and race-based stereotyping of self and others in the military. U.S. Army officers attending a leadership training course made judgments of their own and their groupmates' leadership competence at 3 time points over a 9-week period. We examined the effects of officer sex and race on both subjective (rating) and objective/common-rule (ranking/Q-sort) evaluations. Stereotyping generally increased with time, and in accordance with the shifting standards model, pro-male judgment bias was more evident in rankings than in ratings, particularly for White targets. Self-judgments were also affected by sex-based shifting standards, particularly in workgroups containing a single ("solo") woman. Differential standard use on the basis of race was less apparent, a finding attributed to the Army's explicit invocation against the use of differential race-based standards.
Publisher City
Washington, DC
Keywords
Stereotyping, Status-Based Judgment, Social Psychology, Shifting Standards Model, Leadership
Volume
75
Recommended Citation
Biernat, M., Crandall, C., Young, L.V., Kobrynowicz, D. & Halpin, S. (1998) All That You Can Be: Stereotyping of Self and Others in a Military Context, The Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75 (2), 301-317.